RESUMO
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a public health problem that presents genetic and environmental risk factors. Two alleles in the Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene were associated with chronic kidney disease; these alleles are common in individuals of African ancestry but rare in European descendants. Genomic studies on Afro-Americans have indicated a higher prevalence and severity of chronic kidney disease in people of African ancestry when compared to other ethnic groups. However, estimates in low- and middle-income countries are still limited. Precision medicine approaches could improve clinical outcomes in carriers of risk alleles in the Apolipoprotein L1 gene through early diagnosis and specific therapies. Nevertheless, to enhance the definition of studies on these variants, it would be necessary to include individuals with different ancestry profiles in the sample, such as Latinos, African Americans, and Indigenous peoples. There is evidence that measuring genetic ancestry improves clinical care for admixed people. For chronic kidney disease, this knowledge could help establish public health strategies for monitoring patients and understanding the impact of the Apolipoprotein L1 genetic variants in admixed populations. Therefore, researchers need to develop resources, methodologies, and incentives for vulnerable and disadvantaged communities, to develop and implement precision medicine strategies and contribute to consolidating diversity in science and precision medicine in clinical practice.
RESUMO
Introdução: Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa de avaliação sobre o processo educativo de pacientes e familiares realizado por equipe multiprofissional de saúde do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.Métodos: Pesquisa de avaliação desenvolvida em unidades de internação clínicas, cirúrgicas e pediátricas, tendo como amostra 149 sujeitos de pesquisa entre pacientes, ou familiares ou acompanhantes.A coleta de dados utilizou um questionário impresso semiestruturado, contendo nove questões sobre o processo educativo, a atuação multiprofissional e a compreensão da educação recebida.Resultados: Dentre os 149 participantes, 75 (50,3%) composto por pacientes e 74 (49,7%) por familiares/acompanhantes. Entre os respondentes, 94,6% recebeu orientações realizadas por médicos e enfermeiros; 91,2% referiu que compreendeu a orientação educativa. Um percentual de 90,6% dos participantes conhecia o seu problema de saúde ou o do seu familiar e 81,9% sentiam-se seguros para assumir o cuidado.Conclusão: A educação ocorre em diferentes cenários do hospital. Entretanto, há necessidade de incrementar a participação de diferentes profissionais na educação, potencializando o planejamento terapêutico multiprofissional na perspectiva da segurança no cuidado.
Introduction: This study resulted from an evaluation survey on the educational process of patients and their family members/caregivers conducted by a multidisciplinary health team at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.Methods: This was an evaluation study conducted at clinical, surgical, and pediatric inpatient units. The sample included 149 participants, consisting of patients and family members/caregivers. Data was collected using a semi-structured printed questionnaire with 9 questions about the educational process, multidisciplinary work, and whether participants understood the educational guidance.Results: Of 149 participants, 75 (50.3%) were patients and 74 (49.7%) were family members/caregivers. Among the respondents, 94.6% received guidance by a doctor or nurse and 91.2% reported that they understood the educational guidance. Most participants (90.6%) were aware of their health problem or that of their family member, and 81.9% felt confident to assume care. Conclusion: Education takes place in different hospital settings. However, the inclusion of different professionals in the educational process should be increased to promote multidisciplinary therapeutic planning in a safe care setting.
